Essential Minerals for Human Health: Macro and Micro Nutrients

Minerals are naturally occurring elements that enter the human body primarily through food and, to a lesser extent, water. They are essential for various physiological functions and are categorized based on the amounts needed by the body. Major or macrominerals are required in relatively large quantities and include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfur. These minerals play critical roles in bone health, nerve function, fluid balance, and muscle contraction. For instance, calcium is vital for strong bones and teeth, while potassium helps maintain normal heart rhythm and muscle function.

In contrast, trace minerals, or microminerals, are needed in much smaller amounts but are equally important for health. These include iron, cobalt, copper, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, fluoride, selenium, zinc, chromium, nickel, silicon, tin, vanadium, boron, lead, arsenic, bromine, germanium, lithium, and rubidium. Each trace mineral has specific functions; for example, iron is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood, iodine is necessary for thyroid function, and zinc supports immune health.

Recent research highlights the importance of maintaining a balanced intake of both macrominerals and microminerals through a varied diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Deficiencies or excesses of these minerals can lead to significant health issues, underscoring the need for a well-rounded nutritional approach.
Essential Minerals for Human Health: Macro and Micro Nutrients